Tricuspid stenosis
Tricuspid valve stenosis Tricuspid stenosis is a rare condition that
Cardiovascular Medicine
The clinician's base
The Cardiovascular Medicine section is a comprehensive resource that encompasses all aspects of cardiovascular disease. This section is meticulously curated to provide clinicians with in-depth knowledge across a spectrum of cardiovascular topics. All chapters are continuously updated and new chapters added.
Modality
Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy caused by tachycardia A prolonged tachycardia can cause cardiomyopathy
Echocardiography
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD) Arrhythmogenic Right
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as dilation
Echocardiography
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) & Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): from pathophysiology to echocardiography Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is
Echocardiography in cardiomyopathies: an overview
Definition and types of cardiomyopathies Cardiomyopathy implies that the myocardium
Echocardiography
Assessment of diastolic function by echocardiography
Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function Methods for evaluating
Relaxation of the left ventricle
Myocardial relaxation and left ventricular diastolic function Diastolic function is
Echocardiography
Left ventricular diastolic function
Diastolic function and echocardiographic assessment The importance of systolic function
Echocardiography
Regional Myocardial Contractile Function: Wall Motion Abnormalities
Echocardiographic assessment of regional contractile function Systolic ventricular function is
Echocardiography
Left Ventricular Segments for Echocardiography and Cardiac Imaging
Standardized myocardial segmentation for echocardiography and cardiac imaging Cardiovascular imaging
Echocardiography
Strain, strain rate and speckle tracking: Myocardial deformation
Myocardial deformation: strain, strain rate, speckle tracking As previously discussed,
Echocardiography
Fractional shortening for estimation of ejection fraction
Fractional shortening (FS) for estimating systolic function Fractional shortening (FS)
Echocardiography
Ejection fraction (EF): Physiology, Measurement & Clinical Evaluation
Ventricular ejection fraction (EF) For several decades, ejection fraction (EF)
Echocardiography
Left ventricular mass and volume (size)
Size and mass of the left ventricle Left ventricular mass
Echocardiography
Assessing left ventricular systolic function
Methods for assessing systolic function (contractile function) Several echocardiographic measurements
Echocardiography
Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relationship: Preload, Afterload, Stroke Volume, Wall Stress & Frank-Starling’s law
Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relationship Left ventricular pressure-volume relationship can be described
Echocardiography
Myocardial Mechanics: Structure and Function of Myocardial Fibers
Structure and contractile function of myocardial fibers The left ventricular
Left Ventricular Function
Left ventricular function and its echocardiographic assessment Cardiac function depends
Echocardiography
Standard Transthoracic Echocardiogram: Complete Imaging Protocol
The standard transthoracic echocardiographic examination This chapter presents a sequential
Echocardiography
Performing Echocardiographic Examinations
Principles of echocardiographic examinations In small children, it is possible
Principles and Preparations for Echocardiographic Examinations
The echocardiographic examination The use of echocardiography has increased dramatically
Echocardiography
Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA)
Hemodynamic calculations with PISA (Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area) PISA (Proximal
Echocardiography
Stroke Volume, VTI (Velocity Time Integral) & Cardiac Output
Principles of flows and volumes in the heart If the
Echocardiography
The Continuity Equation (The Principle of Continuity)
The Continuity Equation: What Goes In Must Come Out As
Echocardiography
The Bernoulli principle and estimation of pressure gradients
The Bernoulli principle and pressure gradients using Doppler measurements Continuous
Echocardiography
Hemodynamic principles and calculations
Calculation of hemodynamic parameters by ultrasound Hemodynamics is the study
Echocardiography
Artifacts in ultrasound imaging
Ultrasound artifacts The following artifacts are common in ultrasound imaging:
Echocardiography
Tissue Doppler (Tissue Velocity Imaging)
Tissue Doppler (Tissue Velocity Imaging) Previous chapters on Doppler imaging
Echocardiography
Continuous Wave Doppler (CW Doppler)
Continuous Wave Doppler In continuous wave Doppler (CW Doppler), ultrasound
Echocardiography
Doppler effect and Doppler echocardiography
The Doppler effect When sound waves hit objects some of
Echocardiography
M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography
M-mode echocardiography M-mode was previously the dominating modality in echocardiography.
Echocardiography
Optimization of the ultrasound image
Principles of image optimization in echocardiography In order to obtain
ECG
Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG
Atrial enlargement: left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) and right atrial
Echocardiography
Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography
Echocardiography in 2D Two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound is the most commonly
ECG
Biventricular hypertrophy ECG and clinical characteristics
Biventricular hypertrophy Simultaneous hypertrophy of the left and right ventricle is
Echocardiography
Technical aspects of the ultrasound image
Generating the ultrasound image The ultrasound transducer generates short bursts
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Clinical ECG Interpretation
From cell to reperfusion