Left ventricular dimension and systolic function

Visual assessment of regional wall motion (left ventricle) TYPE OF MOTION DEFINITION WALL MOTION SCORE Normal Normal thickening (typically 30% thickening from end-diastole to…

Visual assessment of regional wall motion (left ventricle)


TYPE OF MOTION	DEFINITION	WALL MOTION SCORE
Normal	Normal thickening (typically >30% thickening from end-diastole to end-systole).	1
Hypokinesia	Reduced thickening (typically 10–30% thickening from end-diastole to end-systole)	2
Akinesia	Markedly reduced, or no thickening (<10%)	3
Dyskinesia	Paradoxical thinning and/or outward directed motion during systole	4
Aneurysmatic	Diastolic deformation	5

Recommended by the American Society for Echocardiography (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18:1440-1463, 2005).

Left ventricular mass and geometry


	Women				Men
	Reference	Mildy abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Reference	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LINEAR METHOD
LV mass, g	67–162	163–186	187–210	>211	88–224	225–258	259–292	>293
LV mass/BSA, g/m2	43–95	96–108	109–121	> 122	49–115	116–131	132–148	> 149
LV mass/height, g/m	41–99	100–115	116–128	>129	52–126	127–144	145–162	>163
LV mass/height 2,7 , g/m2,7	18–44	45–51	52–58	>59	20–48	49–55	56–63	>64
Relative wall thickness, cm	0.22–0.42	0.43–0.47	0.48–0.52	>0.53	0.24–0.42	0.43–0.46	0.47–0.51	>0.52
Septal thickness, cm	0.6–0.9	1.0–1.2	1.3–1.5	> 1.6	0.6–1.0	1.1–1.3	1.4–1.6	> 1.7
Posterior wall thickness, cm	0.6–0.9	1.0–1.2	1.3–1.5	> 1.6	0.6–1.0	1.1–1.3	1.4–1.6	> 1.7
2D METOD
LV mass, g	66–150	151–171	172–182	> 193	96–200	201–227	228–254	> 255
LV mass/BSA, g/m2	44–88	89–100	101–112	> 113	50–102	103–116	117–130	> 131

BSA, Body surface area; LV, left ventricular; 2D, 2-dimensional.

Left ventricular dimensions


	Women				Men
	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LV DIMENSIONS
LV diastolic diameter	3.9–5.3	5.4–5.7	5.8–6.1	>6.2	4.2–5.9	6.0–6.3	6.4–6.8	>6.9
LV diastolic diameter/BSA, cm/m 2	2.4–3.2	3.3–3.4	3.5–3.7	>3.8	2.2–3.1	3.2–3.4	3.5–3.6	>3.7
LV diastolic diameter/height, cm/m	2.5–3.2	3.3–3.4	3.5–3.6	>3.7	2.4–3.3	3.4–3.5	3.6–3.7	>3.8
LV VOLUME
LV diastolic volume, mL	56–104	105–117	118–130	>131	67–155	156–178	179–201	>201
LV diastolic volume/BSA, mL/m 2	35–75	76–86	87–96	> 97	35–75	76–86	87–96	> 97
LV systolic volume, mL	19–49	50–59	60–69	>70	22–58	59–70	71–82	>83
LV systolic volume/BSA, mL/m 2	12–30	31–36	37–42	> 43	12–30	31–36	37–42	> 43

BSA, body surface area; LV, left ventricular.

Left ventricular function (ejection fraction)


	Women				Men
	Normal	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LINEAR METHOD
Endocardial fractional shortening, %	27–45	22–26	17–21	<16	25–43	20–24	15–19	<14
Midwall fractional shortening, %	15–23	13–14	11–12	<10	14–22	12–13	10–11	<10
2D METOD
Ejection fraction, %	>55	45–54	30–44	<30	>55	45–54	30–44	<30

2D, Two-dimensional.

Ejection fraction (EF)


	Normal	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
Ejection fraction (%), biplan, males	52-72	41-51	30-40	<30
Ejection fraction (%), biplan, females	54-74	41-53	30-40	<30

1. Lang, Roberto M.; Badano, Luigi P.; Mor-Avi, Victor; Afilalo, Jonathan; Armstrong, Anderson; Ernande, Laura et al. (2015): Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. In European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging 16 (3), pp. 233–270. DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev014.

2. Lang, Roberto M.; Bierig, Michelle; Devereux, Richard B.; Flachskampf, Frank A.; Foster, Elyse; Pellikka, Patricia A. et al. (2005): Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 18 (12), pp. 1440–1463. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2005.10.005.008.11.029.