Reference values
Normal and abnormal ranges, as published in the source guidelines.
11 in total
- Reference values for adult ECGRhythm Checklist Assess ventricular (RR intervals) and atrial (PP intervals) rate and rhythm: Is ventricular rhythm regular? What is the ventricular rate (beats/min)? Is atrial…
- Reference values for pediatric and neonatal ECGNeonatal period Table 1. Normal limits for ECG parameters during neonatal period (Davignon et al) These reference values are the best available for the neonatal period. The…
- Heart rate and cycle length conversion tableHeart rate (bpm) = 60000 / cycle length Cycle length (ms) = 60000 / heart rate Heart rate (BPM) Cycle length (ms) Heart rate (BPM) Cycle length (ms) 20 3000 215 279 25 2400 220…
- Left ventricular dimension and systolic functionVisual assessment of regional wall motion (left ventricle) TYPE OF MOTION DEFINITION WALL MOTION SCORE Normal Normal thickening (typically 30% thickening from end-diastole to…
- Left ventricular diastolic functionDiastolic function Criteria Normal, young Normal, adult Abnormal relaxation (grade 1 dysfunction) Pseudonormal (grade 2 dysfunction) Reversible restrictive filling (grade 3…
- Left and right atriumReference values for atrial size and volume Women Men Normal range Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal Normal range Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely…
- Aorta, aortic stenosis (AS), aortic regurgitation (AR)Aortic dimensions using 2D echocardiography Normal interval Normal interval, adjusted Aortic annulus 20-31 mm 12-14 mm/m2 Sinus valsalva 29-45 mm 15-20 mm/m2 Sinotubular junction…
- Mitral valveMitral valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Vena contracta (cm) 0,3 0,3-0,69 0,69 EROA (cm²) 0,20 0,20-0,39 0,39…
- Tricuspid valveTricuspid valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation PISA radius 0,6 0,6-0,9 0,9 Vena contracta (cm) not defined 0,7 0,7…
- Pulmonary valvePulmonary valve regurgitation Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW-Doppler weak,…
- Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary artery pressureRight ventricle and pulmonary artery Normal interval Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal RV DIMENSIONS Basal RV diameter (RVD 1), cm 2.0–2.8 2.9–3.3 3.4–3.8 3.9…
Clinical calculators
Interactive clinical calculators and risk scores with unit switching, live results and references to the primary literature.
Reference values for adult ECG
Rhythm Checklist Assess ventricular (RR intervals) and atrial (PP intervals) rate and rhythm: Is ventricular rhythm regular? What is the ventricular rate (beats/min)? Is atrial…