Principles of hemodynamics
Chapters in Principles of hemodynamics.
- Hemodynamic principles and calculationsCalculation of hemodynamic parameters by ultrasound Hemodynamics is the study of blood flow dynamics. The physical laws that govern blood flow are fundamental in echocardiography.…
- The Bernoulli principle and estimation of pressure gradientsThe Bernoulli principle and pressure gradients using Doppler measurements Continuous wave Doppler and pulsed wave Doppler can measure the velocity of erythrocytes as they travel…
- The Continuity Equation (The Principle of Continuity)The Continuity Equation: What Goes In Must Come Out As previously discussed, stroke volume is usually calculated by measuring area and VTI (velocity time integral) in the LVOT…
- Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA)Hemodynamic calculations with PISA (Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area) PISA (Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area) is a phenomenon that occurs when liquid flows through a circular…
- Stroke Volume, VTI (Velocity Time Integral) & Cardiac OutputPrinciples of flows and volumes in the heart If the flow in a cylinder is constant, then flow (Q) is the product of the cylinder area (a) and flow velocity (v): Q = a • v This…
Artifacts in ultrasound imaging
Ultrasound artifacts The following artifacts are common in ultrasound imaging: The ultrasound image displays non-existing structures. The ultrasound image does not display…
Hemodynamic principles and calculations
Calculation of hemodynamic parameters by ultrasound Hemodynamics is the study of blood flow dynamics. The physical laws that govern blood flow are fundamental in echocardiography.…