Introduction to echocardiography and ultrasound imaging
- Physics of ultrasoundUnlike light waves, which can propagate through vacuum, sound waves can only propagate through a physical medium. This medium may consist of any matter, e.g…
- The ultrasound transducerThe ultrasound transducer generates ultrasound ultrasonic waves The transducer is held with one hand and…
- Technical aspects of the ultrasound imageThe ultrasound transducer generates short bursts pulses of ultrasound waves. Reflected…
- Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographyTwo-dimensional 2D ultrasound is the most commonly used modality in echocardiography. The two dimensions presented are width x axis and depth y axis. The…
- Optimization of the ultrasound imageIn order to obtain optimal ultrasound images, it is necessary to adjust several parameters continuously during the examination. Typically, examinations in…
- M-mode (motion mode) echocardiographyM-mode was previously the dominating modality in echocardiography. Although it has now largely been replaced by 2D…
- Doppler effect and Doppler echocardiographyWhen sound waves hit objects some of the sound waves are reflected back to the sound source. If the reflector i.e the object reflecting the sound waves is…
- Pulsed Wave DopplerThe pulsed wave Doppler PW Doppler sends short pulses of ultrasound and analyzes reflected sound waves between the pulses. This is accomplished by using the…
- Continuous Wave Doppler (CW Doppler)In continuous wave Doppler CW Doppler, ultrasound waves are continuously emitted from the transducer and the reflections of these waves are analyzed…
- Color DopplerVelocities recorded in a sample volume of the pulsed wave Doppler can be presented with a color. A color scale…
- Tissue Doppler (Tissue Velocity Imaging)Previous chapters on Doppler imaging have all focused on measurements of blood flow. However, the Doppler…
- Artifacts in ultrasound imagingThe following artifacts are common in ultrasound imaging:
Clinical Echocardiography
Clinical Echocardiography enables you to use echocardiography to its fullest potential in your initial diagnosis, decision making, and clinical management of patients with a wide…
Physics of ultrasound
Unlike light waves, which can propagate through vacuum, sound waves can only propagate through a physical medium. This medium may consist of any matter, e.g…