Genetics, Syndromes & Miscellaneous
- ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndromeThe J wave – also referred to as Osborn's wave – is defined as a wave occurring at the J point Figure 1. Conditions in which the J wave occurs may be…
- Brugada syndrome: ECG, clinical features and managementPedro Brugada and his two brothers, Josep and Ramon, described this syndrome in 1992. The syndrome is characterized by a rather peculiar…
- Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)Although the early repolarization pattern has been recognized for almost 50 years, it is still one of the most frequently confused ECG findings. This is…
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy)Takotsubo cardiomyopathy broken heart syndrome is a rather peculiar and certainly acute condition. Much research has been devoted to it in recent years.…
- Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatmentThe pericardium is a double-walled sac in which the heart and the roots of the great vessels are contained Figure 1. The pericardial sac encloses the…
- Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponadeThe pericardial space cavity always contains a small amount of serous fluid which acts as a lubricant that prevents friction during ventricular contraction…
- Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)Please refer to the previous chapter: LQTS Long QT Syndrome
ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)
The normal cardiac action potential may be altered by electrolyte imbalance, owing to changes in intra- and extracellular electrolyte concentrations. Some…
ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndrome
The J wave – also referred to as Osborn's wave – is defined as a wave occurring at the J point Figure 1. Conditions in which the J wave occurs may be…