Normal Values for Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Parameters of Left Ventricular Size and Function According to Sex
| Parameter | Male Mean ± SD | Male 2-SD Range | Female Mean ± SD | Female 2-SD Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left Ventricular (LV) Internal Dimension | ||||
| Diastolic dimension | 50.2 ± 4.1 | 42.0–58.4 | 45.0 ± 3.6 | 37.8–52.2 |
| Systolic dimension | 32.4 ± 3.7 | 25.0–39.8 | 28.2 ± 3.1 | 21.6–34.8 |
| LV Volumes (Biplane) | ||||
| LV EDV (mL) | 106 ± 22 | 62–150 | 76 ± 15 | 46–106 |
| LV ESV (mL) | 41 ± 10 | 21–61 | 28 ± 7 | 14–42 |
| LV Volumes Normalized by Body Surface Area | ||||
| LV EDV (mL/m²) | 54 ± 10 | 34–74 | 45 ± 8 | 29–61 |
| LV ESV (mL/m²) | 21 ± 5 | 11–31 | 16 ± 4 | 8–24 |
| LV EF (biplane) | 62 ± 5 | 52–72 | 61 ± 4 | 54–74 |
Normal Ranges for Left Ventricular (LV) Mass Indices
| Index | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| Linear Method | ||
| LV mass (g) | 67–162 | 88–224 |
| LV mass/BSA (g/m²) | 43–95 | 49–115 |
| Relative wall thickness (cm) | 0.22–0.42 | 0.24–0.42 |
| Septal thickness (cm) | 0.6–0.9 | 0.6–1.0 |
| Posterior wall thickness (cm) | 0.6–0.9 | 0.6–1.0 |
| Two-Dimensional Method | ||
| LV mass (g) | 66–150 | 96–200 |
| LV mass/BSA (g/m²) | 44–88 | 50–102 |
Normal Ranges and Severity Partition Cutoff Values for Two-Dimensional Echocardiography-Derived Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) and Left Atrial (LA) Volume
| Male Normal Range | Male Mildly Abnormal | Male Moderately Abnormal | Male Severely Abnormal | Female Normal Range | Female Mildly Abnormal | Female Moderately Abnormal | Female Severely Abnormal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVEF (%) | 52–72 | 41–51 | 30–40 | <30 | 54–74 | 41–53 | 30–40 | <30 |
| Max LA vol/BSA (mL/m²) | 16–34 | 35–41 | 42–48 | >48 | 16–34 | 35–41 | 42–48 | >48 |
Left Ventricular (LV) Relaxation, Filling Pressures, and Two-Dimensional and Doppler Findings According to LV Diastolic Function
| Parameter | Normal | Grade I | Grade II | Grade III |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV relaxation | Normal | Impaired | Impaired | Impaired |
| LA pressure | Normal | Low or normal | Elevated | Elevated |
| Mitral E/A ratio | ≥0.8 | <0.8 | >0.8 to <2 | >2 |
| Average E/e’ ratio | <10 | <10 | 10–14 | >14 |
| Peak TR velocity (m/sec) | <2.8 | <2.8 | >2.8 | >2.8 |
| LA volume index | Normal | Normal or increased (>34 ml/m²) | Increased | Increased |
Normal Values for Right Ventricular (RV) Chamber Size
| Parameter | Mean ± SD | Normal Range |
|---|---|---|
| RV basal diameter (mm) | 33 ± 4 | 25–41 |
| RV mid diameter (mm) | 27 ± 3 | 19–35 |
| RV longitudinal diameter (mm) | 71 ± 6 | 59–83 |
| RVOT PLAX diameter (mm) | 25 ± 2.5 | 20–30 |
| RVOT proximal diameter (mm) | 28 ± 3.5 | 21–35 |
| RVOT distal diameter (mm) | 22 ± 1.7 | 17–27 |
| RV wall thickness (mm) | 3 ± 1 | 1–5 |
| RVOT EDA (cm²) | ||
| Men | 17 ± 3.5 | 10–24 |
| Women | 14 ± 3 | 8–20 |
| RV EDA indexed to BSA (cm²/m²) | ||
| Men | 8.8 ± 1.9 | 5–12.6 |
| Women | 8.0 ± 1.75 | 4.5–11.5 |
| RV ESA (cm²) | ||
| Men | 9 ± 3 | 3–15 |
| Women | 7 ± 2 | 3–11 |
| RV ESA indexed to BSA (cm²/m²) | ||
| Men | 4.7 ± 1.35 | 2.0–7.4 |
| Women | 4.0 ± 1.2 | 1.6–6.4 |
| RV SEDV indexed to BSA (mL/m²) | ||
| Men | 61 ± 13 | 35–87 |
| Women | 53 ± 10.5 | 32–74 |
| RV ESV indexed to BSA (mL/m²) | ||
| Men | 27 ± 8.5 | 10–44 |
| Women | 22 ± 7 | 8–36 |