The Cardiovascular Atlas

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$Figure 1. Aberrant conduction. The figure shows a supraventriclar extrasystole (an extra atrial impulse, discharged by an ectopic focus outside of the sinoatrial node). The supraventricular extrasystole arrives into the ventricles while the right bundle branch is still refractory, which is why it blocks the impulse. The resulting QRS-complex has a right bundle branch block pattern.$

Aberrant ventricular conduction

Abnormal Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS), left ventricle, left atrium, abnormal tissue doppler imaging (TDI)

Action potentials

ECGs showing acute STEMI in two patients with severe chest pain. STEMI = ST elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Acute STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction)

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Alternative lead systems

Anatomy of the mitral valve

Anterior STEMI with late presentation

Antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes (NSTEMI, STEMI, UA)

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Antithrombotic Regimens in Patients with ACS and an Indication for Oral Anticoagulation

Antithrombotic Regimens in Patients with ACS without an Indication for Oral Anticoagulation

Aortic regurgitation (AR), severe, infective endocarditis

Aortic stenosis (AS) and mitral stenosis (MS) secondary to radiation therapy

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CVD Atlas

Figure 18. The organization of the limb leads. Note that the electrode on the right leg is not included in any lead, but serves as a ground wire. Leads I, II and III are Einthoven’s original leads, and they can be presented with Einthoven’s triangle (lower panel). Leads aVR, aVL and aVF were constructed by Goldberger; their reference point is the average of two electrodes. Lead aVR can be inverted into lead –aVR which is recommended as it may facilitate interpretation. All modern ECG machines are capable of presenting both aVR and -aVR.

Dr Araz Rawshani, MD, PhD

Associate professor Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden

More by Dr Araz Rawshani, MD, PhD

Figure 18. The organization of the limb leads. Note that the electrode on the right leg is not included in any lead, but serves as a ground wire. Leads I, II and III are Einthoven’s original leads, and they can be presented with Einthoven’s triangle (lower panel). Leads aVR, aVL and aVF were constructed by Goldberger; their reference point is the average of two electrodes. Lead aVR can be inverted into lead –aVR which is recommended as it may facilitate interpretation. All modern ECG machines are capable of presenting both aVR and -aVR.