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WIfI (Wound, Ischemia, foot Infection) classification

Stratifies 1-year amputation risk in the threatened lower limb.

WIfI (Wound, Ischemia, foot Infection) classification
Wound / tissue loss grade
Extent of ulceration or gangrene.
Ischemia grade
Use ABI, or ankle/toe pressure or TcPO2 if ABI is unreliable.
foot Infection grade
Based on the IDSA/SVS foot-infection criteria.
ResultStage 1 - Very low risk

WIfI class W0 I0 fI0. Estimated 1-year amputation risk: very low. Higher-grade ischaemia and larger wounds identify limbs most likely to benefit from revascularisation.

WIfI class
W0 I0 fI0
Clinical stage
Stage 1 (Very low)

When to use

  • Staging a threatened lower limb in chronic limb-threatening ischaemia or a diabetic foot, in patients with and without diabetes.
  • Communicating amputation risk and gauging the potential benefit of revascularisation.

Formula

Grade wound (0-3), ischemia (0-3) and foot infection (0-3) independently. The three grades combine, via the Society for Vascular Surgery expert-consensus grid, into a clinical stage 1-4 corresponding to very low, low, moderate and high estimated 1-year amputation risk.

Pearls and pitfalls

  • Ischemia and infection add to, but do not multiply, the amputation risk driven mainly by wound extent.
  • The same paper provides a parallel grid estimating benefit from revascularisation; a limb can be high amputation risk yet also high revascularisation benefit.
  • Restage after debridement, infection control and revascularisation, as the class often improves.

References

  1. Mills JL Sr, Conte MS, Armstrong DG, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System: risk stratification based on Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI). J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(1):220-234.