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Tokyo Guidelines for Acute Cholangitis 2018 (TG18)

Diagnostic criteria and severity grading for acute cholangitis.

Tokyo Guidelines for Acute Cholangitis 2018 (TG18)
A. Systemic inflammation (fever/chills or abnormal WBC / elevated CRP)
B. Cholestasis (jaundice with T-bil >=2 mg/dL, or ALP/GGT/AST/ALT >1.5x upper limit)
C. Imaging (biliary dilatation, or evidence of an etiology such as stricture, stone, or stent)
Grade III: organ dysfunction (vasopressor-requiring hypotension, altered consciousness, PaO2/FiO2 <300, creatinine >2 mg/dL, INR >1.5, or platelets <100k)
WBC >12,000 or <4,000 /uL
High fever >=39 C
Age >=75 years
Total bilirubin >=5 mg/dL
Hypoalbuminemia (<0.7x lower normal)
ResultDiagnostic criteria not met

Requires one item from A plus one from B or C to be suspected.

Diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria not met

When to use

  • Confirming a diagnosis of acute cholangitis and grading its severity to guide the urgency of biliary drainage.

Formula

Suspected: one A item (systemic inflammation) plus one from B (cholestasis) or C (imaging). Definite: one from A, B, and C. Grade III = any organ dysfunction; Grade II = >=2 of (WBC >12k or <4k, fever >=39 C, age >=75, T-bil >=5 mg/dL, hypoalbuminemia); Grade I = neither.

Pearls and pitfalls

  • Grade III (severe) cholangitis warrants urgent biliary drainage plus organ support.
  • Grade II should prompt early rather than delayed drainage.

References

  1. Kiriyama S, et al. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25(1):17-30.