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Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS)

Self-rated level of alertness/sleepiness at a moment in time.

Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS)
Current state that best describes you right now
Result1 of 7

Alert range: acceptable daytime alertness.

SSS level
1 of 7

When to use

  • Quantifying a person's subjective sleepiness at a single moment, e.g. before/after an intervention or across the day.
  • Tracking state alertness in sleep research or vigilance/shift-work assessment.

Formula

Single self-selected level from 1 (fully alert) to 7 (sleep onset imminent). Higher = sleepier. Reflects state at the moment of rating, not habitual sleepiness.

Pearls and pitfalls

  • Measures momentary state, not trait sleepiness; repeat across the day to capture fluctuation.
  • Levels 1-3 are considered the alert range; 4 or higher indicates degraded alertness.
  • Unlike the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the SSS does not estimate chronic daytime sleep propensity.

References

  1. Hoddes E, Zarcone V, Smith A, Dement W. Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach. Psychophysiology. 1973;10(4):431-6.