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Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale

Rates overall functional independence as a percentage in Parkinson disease.

Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale
Overall functional independence
Result100%

When to use

  • Rapid global rating of independence in daily activities in Parkinson disease, often paired with the Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage and UPDRS.

Formula

Single global percentage rating (0-100%, in 10% increments) reflecting the speed, difficulty, and independence with which a patient performs activities of daily living.

Pearls and pitfalls

  • Intended as a gestalt functional rating, not a summed checklist - it is typically rated by the clinician or caregiver based on overall impression.

References

  1. Schwab RS, England AC Jr. Projection technique for evaluating surgery in Parkinson's disease. In: Gillingham FJ, Donaldson IML, eds. Third Symposium on Parkinson's Disease. Edinburgh: E&S Livingstone; 1969:152-157.