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Respiratory Distress Observation Scale (RDOS)

Observational measure of dyspnoea severity for patients unable to self-report.

Respiratory Distress Observation Scale (RDOS)
Heart rate
Respiratory rate
Restlessness (non-purposeful movements)
Accessory muscle use (rise in clavicle on inspiration)
Paradoxical breathing (abdomen moves in on inspiration)
Grunting at end-expiration
Nasal flaring
Look of fear (eyes wide, brow and facial tension, mouth open)
Result0 points

Score below 3 makes significant respiratory distress unlikely.

RDOS (range 0-16)
0

When to use

  • Assessing dyspnoea severity in patients who cannot reliably self-report (advanced dementia, delirium, near end of life, or deep sedation).
  • Trending response to symptom-directed therapy (opioids, positioning, supplemental oxygen) over time.

Formula

Sum of 8 observed items (heart rate, respiratory rate, restlessness, accessory muscle use, paradoxical breathing, grunting, nasal flaring, look of fear), each scored 0, 1, or 2. Range 0-16.

Pearls and pitfalls

  • A cut-off of >=3 was associated with patient-reported dyspnoea and nearness to death in the original validation cohort.

References

  1. Campbell ML, Templin T, Walch J. A Respiratory Distress Observation Scale for patients unable to self-report dyspnea. J Palliat Med. 2010;13(3):285-290.