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Multiple Myeloma International Staging System (ISS)
Stages newly diagnosed multiple myeloma using serum beta-2 microglobulin and albumin.
Multiple Myeloma International Staging System (ISS)
Serum beta-2 microglobulin
mg/L
Serum albumin
Complete the fields above to see the result.
When to use
- Staging newly diagnosed, previously untreated symptomatic multiple myeloma for prognosis and trial stratification.
Formula
Stage I: β2-microglobulin <3.5 mg/L and albumin ≥3.5 g/dL. Stage III: β2-microglobulin ≥5.5 mg/L. Stage II: all other combinations.
Pearls and pitfalls
- The Revised ISS (R-ISS) adds LDH and high-risk cytogenetics (del17p, t(4;14), t(14;16)) for finer prognostic separation.