The Cardiovascular
ToolsCalculators

Milan Criteria for Liver Transplantation

Assesses tumor burden eligibility for liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Milan Criteria for Liver Transplantation
Number of tumor nodules
Largest tumor diameter
cm
Radiographic evidence of macrovascular invasion
Extrahepatic disease present
Complete the fields above to see the result.

When to use

  • Screening patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma for standard liver transplant listing eligibility.

Formula

Meets criteria if: single tumor ≤5 cm, OR 2-3 tumors each ≤3 cm, AND no macrovascular invasion, AND no extrahepatic disease.

Pearls and pitfalls

  • This calculator assumes all nodules are ≤ the entered largest diameter; strict application requires every nodule to individually meet the size cutoff.
  • Many centers use expanded criteria (e.g., UCSF) or downstaging protocols for tumors marginally beyond Milan.

References

  1. Mazzaferro V, et al. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(11):693-699.