The Cardiovascular
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HEART Pathway for Early Discharge in Acute Chest Pain

HEART score plus serial troponin to select chest-pain patients for early discharge.

HEART Pathway for Early Discharge in Acute Chest Pain
History
ECG
Age
Risk factors
HTN, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, obesity (BMI>30), smoking (current or <3mo), family history, or known atherosclerotic disease.
Initial troponin
Result0 points

Low risk (0-3 points): with a second troponin negative at 3 hours, early discharge without stress testing or angiography is reasonable.

HEART score
0
Risk category
Low risk

When to use

  • Risk-stratifying emergency department patients with possible acute coronary syndrome to decide between early discharge and further inpatient work-up, combined with a 0- and 3-hour troponin protocol.

Formula

Sum of History, ECG, Age, Risk factors, and Troponin, each scored 0-2 (total 0-10). Low risk 0-3, moderate 4-6, high 7-10. The HEART Pathway additionally requires a non-elevated troponin at both 0 and 3 hours to classify a patient as low risk for early discharge.

Pearls and pitfalls

  • In the HEART Pathway randomised trial, low-risk patients discharged early had a 30-day death/MI rate under 1%, with fewer objective cardiac tests than usual care.
  • The Risk-factor item counts traditional atherosclerotic risk factors and known atherosclerotic disease, not merely their presence in the chart.

References

  1. Six AJ, Cullen L, Backus BE, et al. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2013;12(3):121-6.
  2. Mahler SA, Riley RF, Hiestand BC, et al. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2015;8(2):195-203.