ToolsCalculators
GALAD Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Biomarker model estimating the likelihood of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease.
GALAD Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Age
years
Sex
AFP (alpha-fetoprotein)
ng/mL
AFP-L3 fraction
%
DCP (PIVKA-II)
mAU/mL
Complete the fields above to see the result.
When to use
- Estimating pretest likelihood of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease using age, sex, AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP.
- Surveillance adjunct alongside imaging in cirrhosis or chronic viral hepatitis.
Formula
Z = -10.08 + (0.09 x age) + (1.67 x sex [male=1, female=0]) + (2.34 x log10 AFP) + (0.04 x log10 AFP-L3%) + (1.33 x log10 DCP). Probability = e^Z / (1 + e^Z).
Pearls and pitfalls
- Developed and validated using the Wako/Eisai DCP (PIVKA-II) assay; results are assay-dependent.
- Performs well for early-stage HCC detection compared with AFP alone.