The Cardiovascular
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Fractional shortening and Teichholz ejection fraction

M-mode fractional shortening and volume-derived ejection fraction.

Fractional shortening and Teichholz ejection fraction
LV internal diameter (diastole)
LV internal diameter (systole)
Complete the fields above to see the result.

When to use

  • Rapid bedside estimate of left ventricular systolic function from M-mode or 2D linear dimensions.

Formula

FS = (LVIDd − LVIDs) / LVIDd × 100. Teichholz volume V = 7D³ / (2.4 + D) with D in cm; EF = (EDV − ESV) / EDV × 100.

Pearls and pitfalls

  • Both measures sample only the basal ventricle, so they are invalid when wall motion is regional (after myocardial infarction) or the ventricle is dilated.
  • The biplane method of discs (modified Simpson) is the recommended echocardiographic method for ejection fraction.

References

  1. Teichholz LE, et al. Problems in echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or absence of asynergy. Am J Cardiol. 1976;37(1):7–11.
  2. Lang RM, et al. Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(1):1–39.