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Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)

Self-report screen for depressive symptoms in the perinatal period.

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
Ability to laugh and see the funny side of things (past 7 days)
Looking forward to things with enjoyment (past 7 days)
Blamed herself unnecessarily when things went wrong (past 7 days)
Felt anxious or worried for no good reason (past 7 days)
Felt scared or panicky for no good reason (past 7 days)
Felt overwhelmed, things have been getting on top of her (past 7 days)
Been so unhappy that she had difficulty sleeping (past 7 days)
Felt sad or miserable (past 7 days)
Felt unhappy enough to be crying (past 7 days)
Thoughts of harming herself have occurred to her (past 7 days)
Result0 points

Depression unlikely (score range 0-30).

Interpretation
Depression unlikely

When to use

  • Screening for depressive symptoms during pregnancy and in the postnatal period.

Formula

Sum of 10 items, each scored 0-3 over the preceding 7 days. Range 0-30; item 10 (self-harm thoughts) scored >0 warrants urgent safety assessment regardless of total.

Pearls and pitfalls

  • A widely used cut-off is >=13 for probable depression and 10-12 for possible depression requiring follow-up, though local validated thresholds vary.
  • Not a diagnostic instrument - a positive screen requires clinical assessment.

References

  1. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782-6.