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Bristol Stool Form Scale

Seven-category classification of stool consistency reflecting colonic transit time.

Bristol Stool Form Scale
Stool appearance
ResultType 1

Suggests slow colonic transit / severe constipation.

Bristol type
1

When to use

  • Standardising the description of stool consistency in clinical notes, trials, and bowel diaries.
  • Screening tool referenced by the Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome subtyping.

Formula

A 7-point ordinal descriptive scale from type 1 (hardest) to type 7 (most liquid); there is no summed score.

Pearls and pitfalls

  • Correlates well with whole-gut transit time: harder stools (types 1-2) reflect slower transit, looser stools (types 6-7) faster transit.
  • Types 3-4 are generally considered the easiest to pass and 'normal'.

References

  1. Lewis SJ, Heaton KW. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997;32(9):920-4.